What clinical tool records EEG, EOG, and EMG during sleep?

• A. Actigraphy
• B. Polysomnography
• C. Sleep diary
• D. Home EEG

Answer: (B)

Recording EEG, EOG, and EMG during sleep is done with polysomnography. EEG captures brain activity to identify sleep stages by their electrical patterns. EOG tracks eye movements, which help distinguish REM sleep from non-REM stages. EMG, usually from a chin sensor, measures muscle tone to detect atonia during REM and differentiate it from wakefulness and other sleep stages. This combination provides a complete view of sleep architecture and is essential for diagnosing sleep disorders.

Other options don’t offer the full, objective set of recordings needed: actigraphy estimates sleep from movement over time, a sleep diary relies on personal recall, and home EEG setups often lack the EOG and EMG channels required to accurately score sleep stages and detect abnormalities.